From Markdown to HTML in your browser
The editor passes your text to marked, a GitHub Flavored Markdown parser that ships with the page, and marked turns it into HTML. The HTML then goes through DOMPurify before it is shown. Both run in the browser tab, so the text never travels over the network.
GFM adds five extensions to CommonMark: tables, task lists, strikethrough, extended autolinks and a filter for unsafe raw HTML. This preview supports the first four, and replaces the fifth with a stricter allow-list. Everything else, from emphasis to lists and code blocks, follows CommonMark.